WEIQI ELECTRIC
The Three Major Functions of Current and Voltage Transformers
2025-07-03
The three core functions of current and voltage transformers are measurement transformation, electrical isolation, and standardized signal output, playing a critical role in measurement, protection, and control within power systems.
Measurement value conversion feature
High-voltage/high-current conversion: This process transforms the high voltage of the primary system (e.g., 110 kV) into a standard low voltage (100 V), while converting large currents (e.g., 5000 A) into smaller currents (5 A or 1 A), ensuring safe integration of measuring instruments and relay protection devices.
Principle of proportional transformation: Precise turns ratio is achieved through electromagnetic induction, with typical parameters such as a 100V output for voltage transformers and a 5A output for current transformers, ensuring compatibility with the measurement ranges of standard equipment.
Electrical Isolation Protection
High- and low-voltage isolation: Establishing physical separation between the primary circuit (high voltage) and secondary equipment (low voltage) to prevent hazardous voltages from directly propagating into the control room or reaching operators.
Safety barrier function: In the event of a power system fault (such as a short circuit), the isolation structure effectively prevents secondary equipment from being damaged by overvoltage or overcurrent surges.
Standardized signal output
Standardization of signal specifications: Voltage transformers output a standardized 100V signal, while current transformers provide either a 5A or 1A output—enabling measurement instruments and protective devices from different manufacturers to be universally interchangeable.
Enhanced system compatibility: Standardized signals simplify the design of relay protection algorithms, enabling the implementation of advanced features such as fault recording and differential protection.
It is important to note that these three functions create a synergistic effect within the power system: value conversion ensures signal measurability, electrical isolation guarantees operational safety, and standardized output enhances system compatibility—all working together to support core applications such as electric energy measurement, relay protection, and fault detection.
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2025-07-03
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